HISTORY OF CULTURE | Sombaopu Fortress Of The Kingdom Of Gowa's | Sombaopu fortress situated on the waterfront (makassar strait), on lines 50 41 south latitude (sombaopu op het fort macassar, gelegan dichtden strant op en 5 4 minuten suider graden breedte.
To find out where his place lies the former main citadel and fortress of the kingdom of gowa's pride, we can take as ancer-ancer sapiria village. This village is an old village that is included in the village barombong, pangga district, region ii and gowa regency level. In the map area (part sungguminasa) saparia village is not mentioned. That there is sarombe village. From the description of the population (at the time we conducted field research) we obtain an explanation that sarombe village consists of three small villages, namely:
- Saparia village on the east
- Kaccia village in the middle, and
- Sarombe the actual village in the west.
Distance from city center area sapiria ujung pandang (makassar) now there are approximately eight or nine miles to the south. From sungguminasa city (the capital of the regional level ii or gowa now) there are approximately two to three miles towards the west. Sombaopu area in front facing the sea there are areas of land that is cape alang sediments (beaver river) a young age and in its heyday sombaopu soil sediment does not exist yet (still the ocean).
At the time we entered the field research (1964) people in the area, even andi baso pabbicara butta, ex rijksbestuurdeen own kingdom, which accompanies us in our research, do not know with certainty the location of the fort sombaopu. So people around the village sarombe (sapiria and kaccia) do not understand and did not know that the village where they live now was once the capital or the international port of bandar da kingdom of gowa in the seventeenth century became the center of political and economic activity in eastern indonesia.
Sombaopu location can be ascertained in the area where the village now sapiria. This was confirmed by a written statement within lontara dated 16 october 1781 at the coronation of king of gowa to 29 i mannawari karaeng bonto lantasa mangasa sultan abdul hadi replace his father to the king of gowa-28 i temmasongeng karaeng katangka sultan zainuddin tumenanga mattoanging ri. In article 2 of the contract are called names sapiria area 'in parenthesis' sombaopu. Now these people can easily reach the village sapiria or sombaopu with a motor vehicle from ujung pandang (makassar) towards the south through jongaya until ketepi or jene beaver beaver river. Then we crossed by canoe, and after walking about a mile from the edge of beaver jenne we come to the area or sombaopu sapiria.
Sombaopu kingdom international capital and ports gowa
Before the fall on june 24, 1669, sombaopu is the residence of king of gowa da be the capital as well as the busiest airport or an international kingdom of gowa. Many historians and historical writers consciously or unconsciously, intentionally or unintentionally make a mistake by calling makassar (use two s) or makasar (use one s) as the capital and main port of the kingdom of gowa. At that time the city of ujung pandang makassar or now is not yet anything, as compared with that in the circumstances sombaopu the 17th century has become a very crowded and bandar has become an international seaport and the center of political and economic activities in the region in eastern indonesia. Sombaopu protected by a wall circumference (ringmuur) is twelve times the thickness. Or approximately 3.648 meters, so it is both a formidable fortress. Inside the fort was placed the means of weapons such as cannons, rifles, and others.
Sombaopu is the capital city of a kingdom characterized by "medieval" money has a pattern of urban development as follows: "in the landscape are surrounded by a circular wall of the palace there is a place of residence of the kings of gowa and kediama houses where the royal family, nobles, princes and royal officials. The capital of the kingdom which became the residence of the kings or sultans and princes of the royal staff as well as a protected fortress walls form of wall circumference (ringmuur) high and thick and equipped with cannon guns, rifles or other defense tools is a common feature or predominance of a pattern of capital in the centuries that. Outside the fortress or wall circumference usually stay the "soldier" and his family, artisans or clever-clever, traders or merchants, the commoners and the resident or seringpula the nomads and merchants of foreign nations. Thus did sombaopu kedaan with both a capital and busiest port city of bandar or gowa.
About the state capital of the kingdom of gowa in the 17th century that was published in the "corte remonstrancie" from a merchant's head (opperkoopman) which bermana hendrik kerckringh dated september 24, 1638, ie approximately 15 years sebelumsultan hasanuddin up the throne of the kingdom of gowa in the year 1653, it is certain that : sombaopu fortress situated on the waterfront, on line 50 4 'south latitude and is a huge fortress with walls made of broken bricks and rocks. The king and the princes royal residence within the castle, in the houses that was built on the pillars of using the materials of wood, roof shingles or the roof of mathematics. Between one mile from sombaopu there is a fort near the beach called "odioupanda" (meaning ujung pandang according to our research cut corners distance between the fort and fort ujung pandang sombaopu there are approximately four miles). Ujung pandang fortress made of bricks and rocks. Approximately half a mile from the south there sombaopu fort grise (meaning fortress garassi) and panakoeka (meaning citadel panakkukang).
Malay people who reside in sombaopu his excellent relationship with the people of makassar. They have a good and respected position in society. They live in houses erected in between the houses of makassar. The brits and the danes residing in north fort sombaopu in the homes of good condition. Voyage of the most sombaopu held in the months december, january and february through buton towards amboina (moluccas) by bringing trade goods such as clothing materials, rice, porcelain, and others. The boats were settled in amboina through june, july, august and september to buy and transport spices from the moluccas. Purtugis people residing near fort sombaopu, which is adjacent to the north. They dwell in the homes are made from bamboo and allowed by the king of gowa also use a home to perform the ceremony. North of fort sombaopu, the dutch company (voc) is also permitted to set up a trading office.
Even though what was described by hendrik kerckringh it remains to be verifiable, but it can be information that would be used as an ingredient and pegagangan to describe how the state sombaopu roughly around the year 1638. From the description it hendrik kerkringh it can be concluded, that sombaopu addition to being the capital of the kingdom of gowa where dwells the king of gowa, also a large and bustling bandar perniagaannya. If realized that the kingdom of gowa holds supremacy and hegemony in the region of sulawesi and eastern indonesia, then of course sombaopu inhabited olek rakyak gowa and makassar tribe people, is also inhabited by other tribes who are subject under the under the rule or friendly with the kingdom of gowa such as the bugis people of the kingdom wajo, luwu, bone, and others soppeng people mandar, toraja people, people selayar, buton people and other tribes of eastern indonesia.
Even sombaopu also inhabited by people of pahang, patani, campa, minangkabau and johor. This we know from the dialogue between the king of gowa and leader of the nomads or traders in the "ri patturioloangnga tugowayya" as follows: nakanatedong karaenga: "siapai rupanna nulailalang kana-kana" nakanamo anakkoda bonang: "sikontukang ikambe mallipa baraya kontui pahanga. Patania campaya, marangkaboa. Johoraka. Meaning: said also king (gowa): what kind (of people) that you put in that request? Anakkoda bonang said: "all of us are wearing tie (men) pahang, patani, campa, minangkabau, and johor".
In the book "history of gowa" compiled by abd. Rasak daeng kta patunru can also read as follows: "at that time many people in pahang malay, pattani, johore and sumatra, trade living in the kampong mangallekana (somba-opu). To them it was founded by the king of a mosque. In addition to their trade, they also do not miss to spread the teachings of islam among the software community gowa."
Furthermore sombaopu also inhabited by the nations of europe such as the danish, the british, the portuguese, the spaniards and the dutch people. Jadipada time sombaopu already is a city and a busy international airport. Its location is very stratetis and excellent terms of trade and shipping traffic. Sombaopu connecting the moluccas in the east-known as a storehouse of spices that is needed in europe at that time and port of malacca in the west that has meaning is very important for international trade traffic. Demikianlanlah sombaopu ibi international port city and the kingdom of gowa.
Sombaopu fort main and the kingdom of pride gowa
In the seventeenth century the kingdom of gowa was the largest empire of power and influence in sulawesi, indonesia and even in the entire eastern part. Along with the growing kingdom of gowa, increasingly the likelihood of resistance and attacks against the royal power gowa, both from within and from outside. Chances are it's getting bigger again with the arrival of western nations who have greedy intentions into our homeland nations like portugal, spain, england, and especially the dutch. Therefore, the more glorious kingdom of gowa was very necessary and very berkentingan to strengthen the fortifications and defenses. Fort sombaopu addition was built and founded a series of fortifications known in the history of popular resistance against the dutch colonization of gowa.
The series of fortifications in the sense that the military is a unity trategis a tough defense like a solid wall of steel dsn robust against attacks, especially srangan-attack the enemy from outside, ie from the sea or from the makassar strait. Coast chain gowamerupakan royal castles strong defense. Most importantly and foremost and the largest among the forts it is fort sombaopu. The citadel is the stronghold of the kingdom of gowa pride. Then there was another: tallo citadel, citadel tana edge, fort ujung pandang, fort mariso, panakukang citadel, citadel garassi, galesong citadel, citadel barombong and others.
So the main fortress and royal fortress gowa fort sombaopu pride. When or if the fort was built or established there is no exact date is mentioned.
In the book "history of gowa" which didususun by abd. Rasak patunru daeng is written as follows: (written in the spelling-enhanced, author) "reported further, that the king of gowa ix had also fought in the village pammolikang in gowa area with the javanese led by seirang called" i galasi ".
King who began to fortify with bricks around the capital of the kingdom of gowa, the somba-opu. Majesty died in pertengahanabad to sixteen (about 1543 or 1546), gowa kingdom setekah control approximately 36 years old.
In the "gift of history gowa" there is mentioned among others as follows: iatommi karaeng ambata nide'deki goa siagang sombaopu anjo karaeng tumpa'risi kallona ambata buttai "means: he is also the king who made brick wall around the country and sombaopu gowa. King tumpa'risi kallona (has) made diding from the ground.
In the "history of the kingdom of tallo" compiled by abd.rahim and drs. Ridwan borahima among others, referred to as follows: iaminne karaeng ambatubatai tallo '. Sangnginji tumakkajannanganna, teai bembengka'doi, teai said tau iatomminne karaeng ambatabatui ujung pandang, pa'nakukang, ujungtana ampapparekangi timungeng nikalo-if sombaopu. Meaning: this is the king of the castle wall bembikin tallo 'of the stone (which works) all tumakkajannanggannya, open rakyak bembengka'do not expended. This is the king who made the stone wall around ujungpandang, to make ujungtana shaped arched gate (the fortress) sombaopu. (ct.9) inside sources (the writings) the netherlands there are mentioned as follows: "wel moge hier nog het volgende omtrent sombaopu morden gememoreerd: het is gebouwd onder de regeering van tonidjollo (1565-1590). Welken vorst onder de kasteelen sombaopu (samboupu, sambopo). Barombong en zijn gebouwd oedjong land. Omstreeks 1580 met het eerste van hulp portugeezen, die als intructeurs ook van het bij het gieten gesc dienst deden hut. Free translation: bolehpula about sombaopu here note (note): the fort was built under the reign tunijallo (1565-1590), under the reign of this king built castles, sombaopu, barombong, and edge tana, the first (citadel sombaopu, author) around the year 1580, with the help of the portuguese who also worked as an instructor at the time of pouring cannon (cannon son napier, author).
Thus bebrapa written statement concerning the construction of the development process fort sombaopu aatu. So it can be ascertained that the fort sombaopu existing and established during the reign of king of gowa ix, namely karaeng tumpa'risi kallona, which is then amplified and refined by gowa kings after him until it became the main bastion and citadel of pride kingdom of gowa in the reign of king gowa which the sultan hasanuddin xvi (1631-1670). Fort sombaopu located on the waterfront of makassar strait flanked by two rivers, the river or jenne beaver beaver river on the north and south ends pucu. Both the river is at once a "natural moat" that protects fort sombaopu of meeyerang enemy coming from the north or the south. Fort sombaopu himself facing westward, the kea direction makasar strait, being behind or to the east stretches the "kale gowa", meaning the core area which is the torso area of the kingdom of gowa.
As the main fortress and the kingdom of gowa heart of the defense, fort sombaopu protected by fortifications and castles guard, among others, the south there garassi citadel, citadel and fortress panakukang barombong, being in the north sebaelah fort sombaopu protected and guarded by a fort edge fortress of view and ends tana.
Since fort sombaopu standing, was the pride of the royal fortress bebrapa times that tested the efficacy of gowa and toughened by the attacks and enemy cannon shots, which include:
- Shootings by the guns of the fleet of the dutch (voc) led by admiral de vlamingh in 1655.
- Shootings by cannons the dutch fleet (vocs) which dipinpin by johan van dam and j. Truyman. This fleet opened fire on the fort sombaopu, ujung pandang and panakukang in may 1660.
- After the dutch fleet (voc) led by admiral speelman unsuccessful menggetak and scare people, led by the sultan of gowa hasanuddin, then there was firing cannon shot and a very exciting duet between kappa-dutch warship (voc) and bastions sombaopu. This incident occurred on december 21, 1666.
- On july 19, 1667, from early morning until after sunset on the western horizon, shooting cannons and a very exciting duel and ceaselessly between fortifications kingdom of gowa especially fort sombaopu and dutch ships ( vocs).
Even on that day not less than 4000 (four thousand) shot that cannons off by dutch ships (voc) and approximately spertiga supply of bullets and gunpowder netherlands spent on that day. At nightfall speelman ordered that the dutch ships away from the shooting range cannons pertahana gowa kingdom, notably cannon "child makasar" devastating.
The next day, ie on july 20, 1667 speelman had a meeting with staff and his assistants. At the meeting it was agreed and ordered to do again later held shots that seseru day on 19 july 1667. Concern that the supply of bullets and gunpowder dutch (voc) will not be enough to do a shoot like that until a few days.
So the dutch cannon shots were not in the slightest thrill rakya gowa. Even the people welcomed the dutch fleet gowa (voc) is a challenge. In the book dr.fw stapel "het bongaais verdrag" there is said to include the following: "te twee uur's middags voer de zien dat de kust ductig versterkt was, en barombong tot het van den elcandre gehegt yongpandanch fort. Ook een zag to mensenmenigte aan het strand geweldige en ontallycke vlagge veelderhande colure van. Waamee uittantende bewegingen gemaakt warden. "translations freely: at two o'clock the dutch fleet, flying the banner of war sailed into the harbor until near the city (sombaopu, author). One can see that the whole coast greatly strengthened its defenses. A tight defense that means connect-connect from barombong to ujung pandang. Also can be seen the sea of people on the beach with banners carrying colorful innumerable. With the banner that they perform movements that are challenging.
Duel-firing cannons and heavy fire of the dutch fleet ships (voc) is a test sombaopu fort defense can match the intense fire the guns of the enemy.
Fort sombaop formed a square with a side length of approximately two kilometers, the high wall circumference (ringmuur) was about seven to eight feet, are thick wall is the average circumference of 12 feet or less than 3.6 meters, so that the soldiers can easily be lined up around the circumference of the wall above it which is a "street" or "alley" is 3.6 meters wide. On the west wall circumference (the makassar strait) there are four ditches baluwara or katelum (bolwerk) is a circular (half circle). Diselekoh-placed this bastion of defense cannons. In the northwest corner there is a large selokoh baluara called great. In this great baluara placed cannon "son of makassar", ie a powerful cannon and very large in size.
A bend or large baluara again placed in the southwest corner, bend or baluara are both located on the west side of the fruit between the sovereignty of the bastion which was slightly smaller in size. On the north side of the wall circumference there are two bend (of course, three by the supreme baluara) a square, in the middle and another is a bastion or baluara angle facing toward the northeast. Circumference wall of the south and east side is not so amplified (not given bend, baluara, or katelum), because the enemy is reckoned to come from the west and from the north. In the south and east lies the kingdom of gowa core area which is often also called "kale gowa".
Fort sombaopu as though a fortress-saf bersaf or lingkarnya layered wall, for the king's palace is in it is protected by a circular tambok berselekoh two. Similarly, houses and other buildings in the form of high makassar houses protected by a wall or a wall circumference that is in a state of emergency can be used as a stronghold or fortress contained in fort sombaopu was indeed turned out to be seized by troops netherlands and its allies one by one with no small amount of sacrifice.
In "geschiedenis van het van makassar heiling canon" of the form, among others sombaopu written as follows: "het kasteel sambaopu was veirkant: het westfront (het_zee front) en het noordfront waren zwaarversterkt., het zuid-en oostfront minder: aan de wesrzijde lagen ziudar het-zee-bolwerk, hed-bolwerk midden, en het-of groot bolwerk noordwest: op dit was het laatste bolwerk canon son of makassar geplaastst fen duidelijke afbeelding samboupovindt to bij valentin van deel iii: 2. Plaat 23 .*) free translation: fortress sombaopu quadrangular; the west side (toward the east) and greatly strengthened the north side, south side and east side are less amplified; on the west side of south-west is located baluara baluara baluara central and west- sea or the great baluara; on baluara the latter is placed cannon "makassar child". Sustu sombaopu a clear picture can be found in valentijn, jilit iii: 2, image 23.
The battle of fort fun fight sombaopu
In the "agreement bungaya" which was signed on 10 november 1667, among others, stated that all such gowa royal castle fortress ombong bar, panakukkang fort, fortress garassi, fort mariso and others must be destroyed. Also no longer allowed to establish forts or fortifications newly anywhere. Just stronghold fort big sombaopu are allowed to stand for the king of gowa, end in view that the fort was located on the north must be vacated by the troops of the kingdom of gowa to be submitted later in good condition to the dutch company (voc) which will put the troops -troops in the fort.
It is not true if the battle between the dutch (voc) led by speelman and aided by his friends and allies against the kingdom of gowa led by sultan hasanuddin said to end with the sign tanganinya bongaya agreement on november 10, 1667, due on 12 april 1668 war broke out again between the kingdom of gowa against vocs are aided by their allies. Even after the war bongaya agreement was signed mainly a battle for fort sombaopu, more exciting and even more powerful.
Almost every day there is fighting, fighting and shooting between the kingdom of gowa forces with dutch troops (voc) are assisted by their allies. Even on 8 ahead of the august 9, 1668 gowa people blew up the dutch ship "purmerlant" and killed the leader of the ship along with 17 of his men. While waiting for reinforcements and prepare its military forces dutch (voc) berusahan menjalanka all sorts of tricks to leave the kingdom of gowa. To immobilize and keep the kingdom of gowa not getting any help from outside, then the dutch (voc) by a tight blockade the coast of the kingdom of gowa. There is no a ship or boat is allowed to exit or enter the kingdom of gowa. With the support of its fleet as well as the superiority of his ships cannon weaponry dutch (voc) managed to control the seas and held a strict blockade. Meanwhile, the troops assigned bugis seize cattle, rice and other crops in the countryside gowa. With that action the dutch (voc) tried to press and hope that the kingdom of gowa experiencing food shortages.
Only in early june 1669 dutch troops and their allies managed to approach the wall fort sombaopu. Then it was decided to hold a general offensive against fort sombaopu. By detonating mines, the netherlands and its allies succeeded in breaking through the wall as wide as five roede fort sombaopu (read: rude). One roede equal to approximately 3.75 meters. So fierce was the fighting came to pass not only on the 15th day of june 1669 alone, but also in the evening through the night with incessant. The fighting which continued until 24 hours continuously was really a terrible bloody battle. The dutch had fired no less than 30,000 (thirty thousand) rounds. Gowa people fighting cocks as a brave man. They desperately mempertahnakan pride fort.
How great battle it can be read in confessions made by the dutch as follows: "werd er deen dag maar niet allen volgenden nacht ook aan den stuk gestreden door neighbor gelooven zijnde vreeselijcke soo dat het als crijgers nacht van is geweest hoogen ou derdom mischien in europa selve dickwijls gehoort hebben niet. De nederlandsche misketiers verschooten nacht 30 000 cogels deen! De vijend verdedige zich met een ware furie, tot op den middag van den 17: toen was het resultaat. Koste van dat about 50 to 68 gewonden doodenen eenige belangrijke voorwerkwen kasteel van het die dadelijk bezet had met schanskorven warden versterkt "*) free translation:" the battle occurred not only on that day only, but will also continue on the next night with the incessant -forever, believe it or not, the night was a terrible terrible night, sehigga suda soldiers advanced in years maybe even in europe although rarely ever heard it. Soldiers on the eve of the dutch gunners fired 30,000 (thirty thousand) rounds. The enemy (= the people gowa, author) held up a gallant resistance on the afternoon of the 17th (june). The results achieved at that time with the sacrifice of 50 (fifty) people were killed and 68 (sixty eight) people were injured, some of the front is important in the fort can be captured and occupied it immediately strengthened by fortifications.
On the other writings of dutch people who have written among others as follows: "de oorlog tusschen de vocs en makassar, die in 1660 weder was uitgetbroken. Wellicht de en felste strijd ooid door de compagnie gevoerd, 24 june 1669 wer definitaef beslist door het van de verovering zwaar versterkte "hoofdkasteel", tegelijk koninklijke van residentie makassar, sambaopu, hetwelk vanaf may belegerd was. In nacht van den 14 op een june 15 had to onder den muur der mijn vesting latent springen, maar de bestoming mislukte, aangezien de makssaren achter vernielden muur den een wi sten sperring nieuwe ver op te te en ritchten behouden: volgenden den dag was het gevecht zo hevig "als crijgers van hoogen ouderdum misschien in europa zelve dikwiils gehoord hebben niet", zoo verschoten holandsche musketiers op de dag 30,000 musketkogels deen free .* translation: "war between the voc and makassar (gowa, writer), which broke out again in 1668 perhaps the most severe fighting and the most exciting ever undertaken by the company (the netherlands, the author), has determined expire on june 24, 1669 with the capture of fort sombaopu, "the main fortress" is highly amplified and simultaneously became the residence of the king of gowa, which has been under siege since may. On the night of 14 before june 15, 1669 under the walls of the fort that had detonated a mine, but the invasion had failed, because behind the walls that have been destroyed that the people of makassar telsh successfully build and sustain a new obstacle: the next day so fierce battle took place, " so that the soldiers were already advanced in years maybe even in europe do not often hear ", so the soldiers carrying rifles on the day of the dutch nation had fired 30,000 (thirty thousand) rifle bullet."
Thus the great battle since the first days of dutch troops (voc) and its allies on the night of 14 before june 15, 1669 managed to "rip" and menjebolkan sombaopu fort wall with mine explosions. Pasuka-dutch invasion force (voc) and its allies in "tear" fort sombaopu wall of a width of five roede it, dammed valiantly by troops under the leadership of sultan hasanuddin gowa. The first invasion bahakan pasuka-dutch troops (voc) and its allies failed because was repelled by the troops of gowa job fighting bravely. The next day then there is fighting a fierce an opponent every inch of ground in the fort was in the pay expensive premises skali by dutch troops and their allies. Setelajh fought constantly sejal dated 15 june 1669 until the date of 1669, then the dutch troops (voc) and its allies and sebahagian and the front portion fort sombaopu in the battles that the netherlands experienced the loss of not less than 50 (five twenty) people died and 60 (sixty eight) persons who were injured. In the following days the fighting continued with the thrill is not reduced. Gowa people actually defend the fort with a brave pride.
On 19 june 1669 dutch troops (voc) are assisted by troops led by the bugis palaka aru and the troops under the command of captain ambon joncker managed to build their banner on the wall fort sombaopu a twelve feet thick. But it turns out that the battles was the beginning of the last bloody battle in getting fort sombaopu. Within that formidable fortress that still there are many homes and also reinforced the walls of defense of the names of those who persist with gowa desperately shooting at enemies with guns, even with a cannon. All this must direbutu one by one through petempuran-fierce battle, because people fought with zeal gowa rooster who never gave up. After reaching the center of the fort, then speelman told to make fortifications and cannon dragged miraculous fruit. Thus, the pasuka-dutch army and its allies can be fired on the palace of king of gowa and where the great cannon powerful baluwara "son napier" in place. Fierce fighting is still going on for many days. Then pasuka-dutch army and its allies succeeded in membakan sultan hasanuddin and baluwara great. At the time of the great baluwara. At the time of the great baluwara burned, suddenly heard a very powerful explosion. Then it turns out that the blast was caused by people not willing to reply gowa sacred cannon "son napier" fall into the hands enemies. They managed to blow up the cannon. Finally, after a fierce and bloody battles and no appeals explained in the battle of the voc in our homeland, then on june 24, 1669 fort sombaopu fall into the hands of dutch troops (voc) and its allies.
So less than nine days since the "rupture" fort sombaopu wall, ie from the date of june 15, 1669 until june 24, 1669, after a bloody battle and bloody one, then the dutch troops and their allies managed to seize and memduduki fort sombaopu the it's very tough.
How tough it can be fort sombaopu we read the book "cornelis janszoon speelman" as follows: "met eenige speeman de korte onderbrekingen zette volgende dagen strijd voort den, en den den slaagde 19 er in het en zin admiraalswimpel vaan der amboneezen del op den 12 voet dikken muur kasteel van het te plaatsen. Toen mendaar eindelijk overheen was. Bleek dit een nog slechtys begin tezijn daar zich binnen versterkte het kasteel van huizen en tal borstweringen bevonden. Van waaruit meth canon en masket gevuurd werd. Stuk voorstu moisten deze genomen worden.) More or less free translation is as follows: in the following days with intermittent short course speelman continue fighting. On june 19, 1669 dutch troops and their allies managed to build kelaksamanaan speelman banner and banner troops ambon in a wall twelve feet thick. After a section is passed, it turns out that it was only then beginning, because in the fort there are many houses and walls reinforced defenses of gowa where people shoot with a rifle cannon dam. All that should be taken one by satu.selanjutnya buffer is also read as follows: "in somboupo warden in total buit gemaakt en kleine kanonne groote 272. Fabule use waaronder het wel dat beschadigd makassar child was, doch "sijn vervoeren vertoonen en nog genoegsaem waerdigh is") more or less free translation: "in sombaopu can be taken entirely 272 (two hundred seventy two) big guns. Even though in a damaged condition, but the gun was still too revealing kedahsyatannya.
So after sustained by brave and after a barrage-yng terrific onslaught of dutch troops and its allies, finally on june 24, 1669 the main castle and the kingdom of gowa's formidable fortress fell into the hands enemies. Sombaopu fortress fell with honor after the heroes of gowa, under the leadership of sultan hasanuddin provide a persistent resistance and fight a bull. Gowa heroes under the leadership of sultan hasanuddin heroes fight like a chicken on the battlefield. Fort sombaopu has fallen with respect and will bloom and fresh in the memories libuk loyal fighters and patriots fighting the indonesian people who inigin fort sombaopu recognized by the dutch as the greatest battle and terseru ever undertaken by the dutch (voc), as follows: "decorlog tusshen de voc en die in 1668 weder makassar was uitgebroken. Wellicht de zwarste en felste strijd ooid door de compagnie gevoerd, june 24, 1669 definitief werd door beslist verovering van de het zwaar versterkte "hoofdkasteel". Tegelijk koninklijke van residentie makasar somboupo, hetwelk vanaf may belagerdwas. ") free translation: 'the battle between the voc and makassar (gowa kingdom,) which broke out again in 1668, perhaps the heaviest fighting and terseruh ever undertaken by the company (voc), definitively determined (terminated) on july 24, 1669 with the capture of fort sombaopu 'main fortress "is reinforced by the great which also became a place of residence of the kings of gowa who has been under siege since the month of mey 1669.
For fear that the kingdom of gowa bounce back against dutch rule and the spirit of resistance that flared up again until the rooster chest sons of the mighty gowa, the dutch destroyed fort sombaopu to the ground. Until now except fort rotterdam which is now renamed to ujung pandang fortress, not a single fortress else we mentioned earlier in the series of defenses that were not destroyed the kingdom of gowa razed to the ground by the dutch.
Fort sombaopu thus, the main fortress and citadel of pride kingdom of gowa who gave a gallant resistance, destroyed and razed to the ground by the dutch. Capital of the kingdom of gowa in the days of glory in the past, the historic fort sombaopunya, at this present time has been lost from sight. That area has changed the situation into rural areas that are interspersed by paddy soil, lading or garden. Traces of ruins of the capital of the kingdom of gowa with magnificent sombaopunya fort, who had been a center of political and economic / trade in the 17th century in eastern indonesia, now no more. Traces of the fortress kingdom of gowa it has not looked back with one look. However pendasinya traces can still be tracked.
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