SELAYAR ISLAND - SULAWESI

HISTORY OF CULTURE | SELAYAR ISLAND | That afternoon was graced with clear skies without a single cloud. The seas were at low tide and we strolled the beach, stumbling occasionally accross unique sea creatures. The skies turned crimson at 6 PM with the sun setting between the tree tops at the isthmus. In a brief moment, stars glittering across the night skies. The libra constellation formed a square like a kite without strings gliding across the firmament. The pounding of waves and the silence of the night turns into Bira Beach’s signature feature.

Wakatobi National Park - East Sulawesi

HISTORY OF CULTURE | Wakatobi National Park - East Sulawesi | Marine waters of eastern Indonesia today is still the world's best coral triangle.One is the Wakatobi National Park in Buton regency, Southeast Sulawesi. In the region, algae, shrimp, and plankton are abundant. When on land apply the adage, "where there is sugar, there's ants," then prevailing in the sea is "plankton where there is, there will gather a lot of fish".

It is not surprising that the area be the location of "favorite" in search of some fish species feed. One type of fish that frequent travel to Wakatobi is the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus). The giant mammals are known to move around the place while looking for food, between the Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.Perhaps because of his large size, the pope took the feed in large numbers anyway.

 

Typically, a herd of sperm whales in the Wakatobi in November, while the other hemisphere frozen. In the month of Wakatobi relatively warmer waters and abundant food that could satiate the stomach herd of whales. At that moment, the sea monster assembled. Why is it called the sea monster? Because the sperm whale with characteristics similar to sperm-shaped white dots on the head was included in the order Cetacea, which in Greek means the sea monster.

In addition to sperm whales, the waters of Wakatobi is also inhabited by other sea monsters. For example, stingrays Manta (Manta ray) are classified as body size and shape of a giant sea monster. Manta rays are one type of fish that distinctive and unique, which is only found in tropical waters.

According to the results of scientific surveys FDC-IPB in 1994, Wakatobi archipelago is one of the best diving in Indonesia with a diversity of coral reefs and fish are high. On that basis, through the Minister of Forestry No.393/Kpts-V/1996, Wakatobi island designated as national parks. Therefore, be Wakatobi as a nature conservation area which has a native ecosystem, managed by the zoning system is utilized for the purpose of research, science, education, culture, tourism, and recreation (Article 14 of Law No. 1 point. 5 of 1990).

Concerning marine biodiversity, scale and condition of coral, Wakatobi occupies one of the positions of the highest priorities for marine conservation in Indonesia.It is also an important part in a network that meets each of Marine Protected Areas along the coast of southeast Sulawesi. With a total area reached 1.39 million hectares, this park includes the islands-scented fragrance, Kaledupa, Tomia, and Binongko.

Wakatobi National Park has the potential of marine natural resources that both types of high value and uniqueness, with amazing underwater panorama. In general, the waters of the sea has a configuration of the starting flat to sloping towards the sea, and in some areas there is a rugged steep waters. Varying water depths. The deepest reaches 1044 meters with most of the sandy bottom and rocky.

Wakatobi has 25 pieces of coral reef with a circumference of the coast of the islands along the 600 km. More than 112 coral species from 13 families in whom Acropora formosa, A. hyacinthus, Psammocora profundasafla, Pavona cactus, Leptoseris yabei, Fungia molucensis, Lobophyllia robusta, Merulina ampliata, Platygyra versifora, Euphyllia glabrescens, Tubastraea frondes, Stylophora pistillata, throchelliophorum Sarcophyton, and Sinularia spp.

According to official sources in the Ministry of Forestry, Wakatobi least inhabited by 93 species of food fish and ornamental fish trade, among other spots argus (Cephalopholus argus), takhasang (naso unicornis), pogo-pogo (Balistoides viridescens), napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus), fish red (Lutjanus biguttatus), rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus), Amphiprion melanopus, Chaetodon specullum, Chelmon rostratus, Heniochus acuminatus, Lutjanus monostigma, Caesio caerularea, and others.

In addition there are several species of sea birds such as goose-stone brown (Sula leucogaster plotus), kettle melayu (Charadrius peronii), erasia kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), also there are three types of turtles that often landed on islands in the Park is hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), turtle jar (Caretta Caretta), and fission turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea).

The indigenous people who live around this park is a sea or a tribe called the Bajau tribe. According to ancient Chinese and European explorers, boating humans are capable of exploring the Islands Merqui, Johor, Singapore, Sulawesi and the Sulu archipelago. From the overall boating humans in Southeast Asia that still have a boating culture is traditional Bajau tribe. Their daily life is quite unique and interesting, especially their ability to dive to the bottom of the ocean without diving equipment and tools to spear fish.

Hoga Island (Resort Kaledupa), Binongko Island (Resort Binongko), and Resort Tamia, is an attractive location to visit, especially for diving, snor- rivet, marine tours, swimming, camping, and cultural tourism. The best season to visit this island was in April s / d in June and October / December each year.

To reach the site, visitors can depart from Kendari to smells with fast boats that operate regular twice daily, with a long trip or five hours every day with a wooden boat for 12 hours. From smells to Lasalimu visitors can ride four-wheeled vehicle for two hours, then climb aboard the fast-Wanci Lasalimu for an hour or Lasalimu-Wanci wooden boat for 2.5 hours. Wanci was first enters the gates of Wakatobi National Park area.

Baluran National Park - East Java

 

HISTORY OF CULTURE | Baluran National Park - East Java | Baluran National Park can be reached from Surabaya, in East Java along the northern coast towards the east, crossing the city: Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Situbondo and after Banyuputih, headed keselatan (do not hold ketimur kedesa room) and before the village Wongsorejo, on S7.921850 - E114. 387 667 turns left toward the Visitor Center (S7.920333 - E114.388017). Visitors must pay an entrance fee of Rp 6,000 .- per car and Rp 2,500 .- per person. There are two places accommodation (guest house) in-Bekol (S7.838217 - E114.439150) and the section on the beach-Bama (S7.844667 - E114.459633).

This was the widest expanse of savanna in the island of Java, make you who visit here feel like in Africa. You will be presented at Baluran natural real amazing when hundreds of deer running towards the pool of water, the male peacock spread its tail to attract the attention of the females, dozens of very large buffalo, several dozen eagles foraging, langurs and macaques. Not to mention the trees that resemble typical Baluran areca nut trees and fruit of a lifetime as much as 1 ton for later died. Pilang a white trunked trees and lush, if you observe carefully the tree-like in the movie "Avatar" and similar trees that shade of banyan Bekol filled with magical nuance. 

Baluran National Park located in District Banyuputih, Situbondo, East Java Province. Northern boundary is the Madura Strait, east of the Strait of Bali, south of the River Bajulmati, and west of the River Klokoran. Air temperature 27 ° - 34 ° C, rainfall 900-1600 mm / year, altitude 0-1247 masl, the geographic location 7 ° 29 '- 7 ° 55' S, 114 ° 17 '- 114 ° 28' E, and extent reached 25,000 ha. In the middle of this area are Mount Baluran who were no longer active.

Baluran National Park is representative of specific dry forest ecosystem on the island of Java, the type of vegetation consists of savannah, mangrove forest, monsoon forest, beach forest, lower montane forests, swamp forest and evergreen forests throughout the year. Approximately 40% of savannah vegetation types dominate Baluran National Park area. Black soil of alluvial and volcanic soils that cover approximately half the area of ​​low land area, overgrown with grass savanna. This area is very fertile region, rich in diversity of food for grazing species. 

Monsoon type of climate is influenced by the east wind dried. Rainfall ranges from 900-1600 mm / year and temperatures between 27 ° - 30 ° C with dry months per year on average 9 months. Between August and December wind was blowing pretty hard from the south. The rainy season in November-April, while the dry season in April-October with the highest rainfall in the month of December to January. But in fact, these estimates often change according to global conditions that affect. 

In the dry season ground water in the soil surface becomes very limited and water supplies in some of these springs to be reduced. In rainy weather, the black soil can be penetrated very little water so that water flowed on the surface of the soil, forming a lot of puddles, especially in the south of the area that connects Talpat with Bama. 

When you come during the rainy season the plants and the water is abundant, so that the occupants of the park such as Bull and Buffalo Wild chose to go into the interior garden of the face to face with the visitors. But some groups of deer, peacock, pheasant and other beburungan can be enjoyed. 

Plants that exist in this park as much as 444 species, of which there are native plants that are distinctive and attractive widoro bukol (Ziziphus rotundifolia), neem (Azadirachta indica), and Pilang (Acacia leucophloea). Widoro bukol, neem, and Pilang is a plant that is able to adapt in a very dry conditions still look green even though other plants have withered and dry. Other plants such as walnut (Aleurites moluccana), gebang (Corypha utan), api-api (Avicennia sp), tamarind (Tamarindus indica), gadung (Dioscorea hispida), kendal (Cordia obliqua), Burn (Syzygium polyanthum), and bulging (Sterculia foetida). 

There are 26 species of mammals in between banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus), wild buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), ajag (Cuon alpinus javanicus), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak), deer (Cervus timorensis deer), leopards (Panthera pardus weld), deer (Tragulus pelandoc javanicus), and cat mangrove (Prionailurus viverrinus). Animal bull mascot is typical of Baluran National Park. In addition, there are about 155 species of birds including rare among them like a kite fire (Hirundo Rustica), red jungle fowl (Gallus Gallus), kangkareng (Anthracoceros convecus), hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), tuwuk or tuwur asia (Eudynamys scolopacea ), peacock (Pavo muticus), and stork barrels (Leptoptilos javanicus). 

There are 155 species of rare birds such as Swallow tail needle (Hirundapus caudutus), Banteng (Bos javanicus), Dhole (Cuon alpinus), Deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Bird peacock (Pavo muticus), forest Chicken (Gallus sp.), Leopards (Felis pardus), mangrove Cat (Felis viverrina) and others.

Carstensz Pyramid - South Papua

HISTORY OF CULTURE | Carstensz Pyramid - South Papua | Carstensz Pyramid, Puncak Jaya called by some, and Puncak Jaya Jaya Kesuma Kesuma or only by others, located to the west of the central plateau called Jayawijaya Mountains and the Sudirman. This is the highest mountain in Australia and Oceania.Technically this means that Carstensz Pyramid is the highest mountain between America and the Himalayas. Illustration map of Glacier. Name Carstensz Pyramid read - Puncak Jaya Kesuma.

"Anyone who has ever seen Carstensz Pyramid miss such a beautiful woman he was flirting. You while remaining mysterious. Occasionally it shows you all the beauty, only to be covered in a veil of mist a minute later. It is provocative but is reached. It makes you miserable and restless, like us "

Officially, he took the name of the inventor - John Carstensz, which is a Dutch sea-farer. In 1623 he brought news to Europe about the rights of mountain snow at the equator, but no one believed him. He was the first European to see the Carstensz Pyramid with his own eyes. 

Indonesian communists called Puncak Jaya (victory peak), although the name is different from that considered to belong to the highest summit (Nga Pulu). Yet another name for Carstensz Pyramid is also often used, is Jaya Kesuma. This name is used in books published by Mapala University. However, today Indonesia using a (somewhat inconsistently) both the name of the mountain - Carstensz Pyramid and Puncak Jaya. 

Sometimes you can run to the misspelled "name" is used when referring to the Carstensz Pyramid, this includes Karstens, Carstens, Carstenz, Carstenzs, Carstesz, Carstes, Carstez, Karstensz, Karstenz, Karstesz, Karstes, Karstez or Pyramid.However, all this is a typo. The only correct name is the Carstensz Pyramid.Sometimes, a second name for Carstensz Puncak Jaya is misspelled and follow the wrong form is used as a substitute: Peak or Peak Jaia Jaja. The most common is undoubtedly a typo Karstens and Carstens. The former type derived from the name of the inventor of the Carstensz Pyramid, which is sometimes spelled as January Karstens. 

Question of the Carstensz Pyramid 's height 

Officially recognized high Carstensz Pyramid is 4884 m (16,023 feet some sources claim 16,013 feet). Despite so many sources still claimed its peak is 5030 meters (16,503 feet). Australia's air navigation map excerpts 16,503 feet (5030 meters).However, in 1994, the height of the world recognized publisher of maps and guides from Verlag noted in the "Ost Indonesien" map altitude 5030 m. 

All of our equipment (both altimeter and GPS 's) show a lower height than 5000 meters (16,400 feet) at the top of Carstensz Pyramid. Therefore, in line with other leading mountain climbers, we show the official 4884 meter high Carstensz Pyramid (16,023 feet) However, we are still unsure about the reasons behind the air navigation map and the wrong Verlag .. 

Mountain snow on the equator " 

Carstensz Pyramid - Top Central 

Carstensz Pyramid - Puncak Jaya (4884 m, 16,023 ft), Puncak Mandala (4640m, 15,223 ft), and Trikora Peak (4730m, 15,518 ft), are the three highest and most famous mountains west of Papua. Carstensz Pyramid is the highest of them, and it belonged to Snow Mountains (Mountains Maoke in local language). They are located in the highlands of west central Jayawijaya.

The legendary tropical Snow Mountains are located in the middle of endless forests in West Papua. They are the logical end of Cembalo Plato. Of the three mountains, the only Carstensz Pyramid belongs among them. Although Snow Mountain massif is not too high, and it lies 4 degrees south of the equator, it contains four relatively large glaciers. Biggest of them is not the Carstensz Glacier, but extends the outskirts of the Nga Glacier Island peak (4862 m, 15,951 ft). Some people call it the peak Puncak Jaya Indonesia, for long regarded as the highest peak in Papua. 

And where the name comes from the Snow Mountains "Not only glacier on the summit, but the reason is also the fact that there is an unusual snow storm tropical snow often. Bringing snow to the area located as high as 4,000 m (13,123 ft). 

Carstensz Pyramid wall is about 500-600 meters (1640-1968 ft) high. At the top is traversed by a giant ledge, where for large culoars go. The bottom of the wall - approx. 300 m (984 ft) is "neat" bent at an angle of 10-15 °. The top of the wall is approx. 80 m (262 ft), and nearly vertical. The top of Carstensz Pyramid crista most rugged and open. Some climbers say that the wall of Carstensz Pyramid is as sharp as glass, and they are not far from the truth.